Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sat 1 Aug 1925

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:49 on Sat 1 Aug to 16:22 on Sun 2 Aug, so it touches only Saturday’s pradosha (18:12–20:37). No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Ekadashi ended at 22:55 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 19:49, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:42, came before Ekadashi ended at 07:25: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 04:19 Sun, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Davinópolis · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:19, came after Ekadashi ended at 22:55 Fri: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Fri 31 Jul ran from sunset 18:12 Fri to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:19 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 00:41 Sun, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 105.8° + 242° = 347.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 00:56 Sun, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 09:25, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 19:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Aug, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1925, 11:02 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 125.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1982; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1847.