Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Sun 25 Jan 1925

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Amavasya ended at 11:44 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 08:29, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 24 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 08:29 and ended at 05:35 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:10 and 06:11 Mon. Sunday reads Pratipada and Monday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 24 Jan ran from sunset 18:33 Sat to sunrise 06:10, 11 h 37 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:33, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:33 to 06:11 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 290°. It leaves at 07:04, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 282.1° + 292.8° = 574.9°, one full turn and 214.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 00:09 Mon, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 22:04 Sat, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 08:29.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:11 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 11 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 24 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 4 Apr 1924, 04:17 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 290.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1981; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1846.