Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Sun 15 Jan 2079

The Sun enters Makara at 07:46, between sunrise (06:09) and sunset (17:43). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sun 15 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Codcod

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 03:52 on Sun 15 Jan to 00:53 on Mon 16 Jan, so only Sunday’s pradosha (17:43–20:12) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Codcod

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Dwadashi ended at 03:52, before it. Trayodashi ends at 00:53 Mon, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 14 Jan ran from sunset 17:43 Sat to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 17:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:43 to 06:09 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 00:47 Mon, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.9° + 55.2° = 325.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 18:36, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 14:23, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 00:53 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 15 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2078, 17:46 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 271.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2135; Shaka Samvat numbers it 2000.