Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Wed 19 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:33 here. Pratipada ended at 04:40, before it. Dwitiya ends at 07:01 Thu, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 04:40, before sunrise at 05:33, and ends at 07:01 Thu, after the next sunrise at 05:33 Thu. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 18 Jul ran from sunset 18:13 Tue to sunrise 05:33, 11 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:33 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 05:33 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 10:27, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 91.8° + 104.2° = 196°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 12:54, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 17:49, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 07:01 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:33 to 05:33 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Jul 02:31 Tue to 16 Aug 17:38 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 16:02 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2023, 01:23 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 115.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.