Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Fri 13 Nov 2015

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 03:15 on Fri 13 Nov to 04:17 on Sat 14 Nov, so only Friday’s aparahna (12:41–15:01) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Codcod

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:41 here. Pratipada ended at 03:15, before it. Dwitiya ends at 04:17 Sat, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 12 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 12 Nov ran from sunset 17:21 Thu to sunrise 05:41, 12 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:41 to 17:21, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:21 to 05:41 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 216°40′. It leaves at 19:55, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 206.1° + 219.3° = 425.4°, one full turn and 65.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 08:01, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 15:49, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 04:17 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:41 to 05:41 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 17 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 11 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 12 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 17:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 230.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.