Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Tue 11 Nov 2014

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:40 here. Chaturthi ended at 04:42, before it. Panchami ends at 05:54 Wed, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 04:42, before sunrise at 05:40, and ends at 05:54 Wed, after the next sunrise at 05:41 Wed. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 10 Nov ran from sunset 17:21 Mon to sunrise 05:40, 12 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:40 to 17:21, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:21 to 05:41 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 70°. It leaves at 19:29, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 204.3° + 72.8° = 277.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 10:42, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 17:13, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 05:54 Wed.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:40 to 05:41 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 2014, 02:44 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 218.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2071; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1936.