Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Sat 6 Sep 2014

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:36 on Sat 6 Sep to 17:01 on Sun 7 Sep, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 6 Sep. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Codcod

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:37 here. Ekadashi ended at 23:53 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 20:36, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 25 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 5 Sep ran from sunset 17:54 Fri to sunrise 05:37, 11 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:37 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 05:37 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 273°20′. It leaves at 14:31, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 139.2° + 274.5° = 413.7°, one full turn and 53.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 01:14 Sun, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:17, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 20:36.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:37 to 05:37 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 2014, 02:44 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 153.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2071; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1936.