Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Sun 19 Aug 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:37 here. Pratipada ended at 22:44 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 21:10, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 18 Aug ran from sunset 18:04 Sat to sunrise 05:37, 11 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:37 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 05:37 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 136°40′. It leaves at 20:44, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 122.3° + 138° = 260.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 16:03, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 09:59, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 21:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:37 to 05:37 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 23:54 Fri to 16 Sep 10:10 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 20:24 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 22:37 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 144° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.