Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Sat 29 Sep 2001

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 15:16 on Sat 29 Sep, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 17:41 on Sun 30 Sep, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Sat 29 Sep. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Codcod

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:36 here. Ekadashi ended at 12:44 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 15:16, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 28 Sep ran from sunset 17:39 Fri to sunrise 05:36, 11 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:36 to 17:39, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:39 to 05:35 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 15:56, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 161.9° + 301.6° = 463.5°, one full turn and 103.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 11:30, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 02:00, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 15:16.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:36 to 05:35 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 18:27 Mon to 17 Oct 03:23 Wed the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 12:37 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 2001, 09:21 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 181.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.