Panchang in Codcod, Western Visayas, Philippines Fri 15 Jan 1999

The Sun enters Makara at 19:30 Thu, in the night after sunset (17:43 Thu). The Dharmasindhu then puts the punya kala on the next day: Fri 15 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Codcod

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:54 on Thu 14 Jan to 22:22 on Fri 15 Jan, so only Friday’s pradosha (17:43–20:12) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Codcod

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 22:22 on Fri 15 Jan to 23:19 on Sat 16 Jan, so only Friday night’s nishitha (23:31–00:21 Sat) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Codcod

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:54 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:22, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 14 Jan ran from sunset 17:43 Thu to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 17:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:43 to 06:09 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 236°40′. It leaves at 08:31, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.5° + 238.8° = 509.3°, one full turn and 149.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 01:25 Sat, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:42, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 22:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1998, 11:13 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 287.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2055; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1920.