Panchang in Chahārbāgh, Alborz Province, Iran Mon 13 Jan 2025

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 06:55 Tue, and Makar Sankranti is on Tue 14 Jan: Mon 13 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Chahārbāgh

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 03:03 on Mon 13 Jan to 01:56 on Tue 14 Jan, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 13 Jan, at 07:16. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Chahārbāgh

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 168°–180° is the 15th, Shukla Purnima. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:16 here. Chaturdashi ended at 03:03, before it. Purnima ends at 01:56 Tue, when the lead reaches 180°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 12 Jan ran from sunset 17:13 Sun to sunrise 07:16, 14 h 3 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 56 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:16 to 17:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 14 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:14 to 07:16 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 45 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 08:38, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269° + 79.2° = 348.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 02:38 Tue, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Purnima is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti runs until 14:26, when the lead reaches 174°; Bava until 01:56 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:16 to 07:16 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 2024, 21:50 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 273.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2081; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1946.