Panchang in Chahārbāgh, Alborz Province, Iran Fri 4 Aug 2023

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 10:45 on Fri 4 Aug to 07:40 on Sat 5 Aug, so it holds moonrise only on Fri 4 Aug, at 21:12. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Chahārbāgh

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:16 here. Dwitiya ended at 14:17 Thu, before it. Tritiya ends at 10:45, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 3 Aug ran from sunset 19:09 Thu to sunrise 05:16, 10 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 40 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:16 to 19:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 44 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:08 to 05:17 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 16 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 02:44 Sat, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 107.3° + 320.1° = 427.4°, one full turn and 67.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 00:28 Sat, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 00:28, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 10:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:16 to 05:17 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 22:01 Mon to 16 Aug 13:08 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 11:32 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 20:53 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 130.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.