Panchang in Baoding, Hebei, China Fri 12 Feb 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:14 here. Tritiya ended at 14:33 Thu, before it. Chaturthi ends at 11:47, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 11 Feb ran from sunset 17:49 Thu to sunrise 07:14, 13 h 25 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 53 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:14 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 19 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 07:12 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 40 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 343°20′. It leaves at 11:36, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 298.6° + 344° = 642.6°, one full turn and 282.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 23:49, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 01:09, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 11:47.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:14 to 07:12 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 17:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 323.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.